Under Japanese real estate law, there are two basic forms of commercial leases: (i) an ordinary lease and (ii) a fixed-term lease. Individual rights are not identifiable. An example can be found in short-term leases. Section 2 of the Deeds Registries Act [Chapter 20:05] provides that a short-term lease is any lease subject to a term of less than 10 years. The Civil and Commercial Code recognizes all types of leases. It is more a question of whether the lease is applicable than the form of the lease. As a general rule, the rental of real estate is not applicable by a means of recourse, unless there is written evidence signed by the responsible party. If the lease contract has a duration of more than three years, it is only applicable for three years, unless it is concluded in writing and registered with the competent governmental authority. A tenant who wishes to sublet must have the express permission of the owner. If the agreement remains silent on this subject, subletting is presumed to be prohibited. Commercial real estate leases follow the general rules applicable to ordinary real estate leases and are, in most cases, signed on a triple net basis, in accordance with international standards. When financing the property, rents are generally mortgaged to the benefit of the bank that finances.
For commercial tenants, there are additional rules that are set by local authorities. These provide for the inclusion of additional obligations of the contracting parties in the leases. What needed to be resolved was: who was the real plaintiff in this case? It was the generic Church, the Anglican Church, or more exactly the Diocese of Harare in the Anglican Church of the Central African Province. The Church was a voluntary, unregistered association of individuals united on the basis of an agreement to be bound in their relationship with each other by certain religious principles and principles of worship, government, and discipline. As the members are related to each other, they are divided into different services, which include men, women and young people, all of which have general or specific functions. They may be different services or groups, but they have remained part of a body, the Church. A trust has been established for good governance and discipline, particularly with respect to the ownership, management, and control of Church property. Among its objects were, inter alia, the use of income derived, inter alia, from the premises in question. The fact that the trust was a particular creation of the Church does not mean that it was separate from the Church. It was a special creation for the Church through the Church.
In all cases, a trust is not a corporation. The real parties to the action were the trustees behind the trust. The expulsion decisions of the trust secretary using the church header were communications from the church, which even owned the premises, but were administered and managed by the applicant. Nor was the Union of Mothers a legal person, let alone a separate unit of the Church. International laws are not relevant to real estate in Zimbabwe unless they have been adopted locally. The second main type of agreement is a license that gives permission to occupy or use the property. Unlike a rental agreement, a license is a personal contractual agreement between the original parties, which does not confer any transferable interest in the property and is often not binding on the future owners of the land. . .
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